Anglers object to Lake Michigan stocking plan
Paul A. Smith, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 7:49 p.m. CDT July 6, 2016
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(Photo: Paul A. Smith/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
All parties agree on the goal. But the means to get there is receiving serious debate.
And some are even questioning the need to do anything, given the current relatively rosy state of affairs.
At issue: the Lake Michigan salmon and trout fishery.
The Lake Michigan Committee last month recommended a 62% reduction in chinook salmon stocking on Lake Michigan.
The predator and prey fish are out of balance, the committee said, due to changes in the lake's ecosystem brought on by quagga mussels, historic lows in alewife biomass and substantial natural reproduction of chinook in Michigan rivers.
But many charter captains and sport anglers are opposed to the plan.
"We all want a healthy fishery," said Jason Woda of Oak Creek, owner of Reel Sensation Charters. "And right now we have it. It's not the time for such a big cut of kings."
Woda was among about 100 people who attended a Thursday meeting hosted by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in Milwaukee to present information and receive input on the lake's salmon and trout fishery.
The agency also held meetings last week in Green Bay and Cleveland, Wis.
The timing and size of the proposed cut have angered many anglers who are experiencing the best salmon fishing and seeing more bait fish than they have in years.
Large numbers of alewives are being reported along the Wisconsin shore this spring and summer. Most are about 3 inches long and likely the result of a good hatch and survival in 2015.
And the condition of salmon appears much improved over the last two years.
"The chinook and coho we're catching are plump," said Kurt Pokrandt of Milwaukee, owner of Silver King Charters. "I really believe we need to wait a couple more years to see how it plays out."
Pokrandt pointed to dozens of reports of 20-plus pound kings as well as a few 30-pounders being caught in Wisconsin waters this year as signs of ample forage and a good balance of predators and prey.
A group of anglers stand over their catch of salmon
A group of anglers stand over their catch of salmon last month during a fishing trip off Milwaukee with Jason Woda and Reel Sensation Charter Fishing. (Photo: Contributed photo, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
The Lake Michigan Committee — which includes representatives of the Wisconsin DNR, the other state management agencies that border Lake Michigan and tribal representatives from Michigan — sees things differently.
In its June 13 announcement, the committee said its recommendation comes after "extensive consultation with angler groups and other stakeholders, and more than three years of research and monitoring." Recommendations from the committee represent the consensus of its members.
The committee is attempting to avoid a collapse of the chinook fishery similar to what occurred in Lake Huron in the 2000s.
According to a Michigan Sea Grant study, the chinook crash led to an $11 million loss per year in 10 small towns on Lake Huron.
Based on its proposal, beginning in 2017, lakewide chinook stocking would be reduced to 690,000 from the current 1,800,000.
Wisconsin would receive the most chinook (355,000), with 200,000 going to Michigan, 90,000 to Illinois and 45,000 to Indiana.
The call for a cut in chinook stocking comes as a key indicator of the fishery — the predator-prey ratio — rose to 0.108 in Wisconsin last year. The goal is 0.05; values over 0.1 are considered a "red flag" of too many predators and too few bait fish.
Lake Michigan has changed markedly and irreversibly over the last century due to aquatic invasive species.
Perhaps the biggest blow to the lake's ecosystem occurred in recent decades with the invasion of Dreissenid mussels, especially the quagga mussel. The mussels have colonized much of the lake bed and constantly filter the water, removing plankton from the food web and reducing the lake's productivity.
Harvey Bootsma, associate professor at UWM's School of Freshwater Sciences, said Lake Michigan's productivity today is only 20% of what it was pre-quagga mussel.
With less food available, it's more difficult for young fish — from yellow perch to alewife to smelt — to survive the crucial first year.
Chinook stocking has been reduced multiple times over the decades in response to disease issues and declines in the forage base.
The committee's plan would drop chinook stocking to the lowest level in the lake and in Wisconsin since the early 1970s.
Pokrandt, the Milwaukee charter captain, said the previous cuts appear to be working.
"They allowed the alewives to pull off a good year class in 2015," Pokrandt said. "This plan would cut way too deep and too soon."
The Great Lakes fishery contributes $114 million in retail expenditures and generates more than $12.5 million in state and local tax revenue in Wisconsin each year, according to the American Sportfishing Association.
"The economic repercussions along our entire shoreline from Sturgeon Bay to Kenosha will be devastating if more cuts are made," Woda said.
Talk of the reduction has come at an ironic time for many. Woda described this year's Lake Michigan fishery as "world class." His charter is catching an average of 15 to 18 salmon and trout per 5-hour trip.
Managing the lake's trout and salmon fishery is complicated by natural reproduction of chinook, primarily in streams in Michigan, as well as migration of salmon into Lake Michigan from Lake Huron.
Last year, 69% of chinook sampled in Lake Michigan were wild, or naturally reproduced, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. As part of a mass marking project, the agency implants a coded wire tag in the snout and clips the adipose fin of all chinook stocked in the lake.
In a typical year, 3 to 4 million wild chinook smolts are produced in Lake Michigan, said Randy Claramunt, fisheries biologist with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Last year the Michigan DNR estimated the number at 3,828,703, far outpacing stocked chinook.
Chinook are the only species targeted in the cut due to its high dependence on alewives, a principal Lake Michigan prey fish that has declined substantially in recent years.
In its 2015 bottom trawl survey conducted at index sites around Lake Michigan, the U.S. Geological Survey reported an alewife biomass of 0.5 kilotonnes, 70% lower than 2014 and lowest on record. The 4.0 kt total prey fish biomass also was an all-time low.
The situation calls for creative thinking, said Todd Kalish, Wisconsin DNR deputy fisheries director, just as it did when Pacific Ocean-strain salmon were introduced to the lake in the 1960s to control nuisance levels of alewives.
Anglers at Thursday's meeting expressed a desire for changes in lake trout management, specifically an increased daily bag limit on lake trout (it's currently two fish), extending the lake trout season (perhaps to yearlong) and reduced stocking of lake trout. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service raises and stocks lake trout.
The last item is a "done deal," according to DNR officials who said the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has agreed to reduce lake trout stocking in Lake Michigan by 550,000 fall fingerlings this year.
Some anglers also suggested the DNR wait until it learns what the predator to prey ratio is this fall before making any cuts.
Others asked the agency to collect chinook eggs this fall and start raising fish. Then, if the stocking cut is still deemed necessary, the developing fish could be disposed of.
"You can't raise what you don't have," Woda said. "I'd hate to make the decision too early and not have enough eggs in the hatchery."
The DNR is accepting public comments on the proposed cut through July 31 at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
A draft plan reflecting any changes should be available in August and will likely be discussed at a Wisconsin meeting of the Lake Michigan Fisheries Forum.
A final decision is planned by Oct. 1.
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