Ben Dickinson emailed me after seeing this thread. Will copy and paste the email. Nice to have your biologists involved in these discussions. I know some in Michigan do as well on another site. Thanks Ben.
Ask on thesouthend forum and ye shall receive. Well… sort of. I don’t have Chinook returns for Trail Creek, because beginning last year we fought for and obtained approval to operate the lamprey barrier in a free-pass mode, so salmon can easily bypass the lamprey barrier from September 1 through November 31. While this frees up limited DNR staff to do other important activities, and allows somewhat better access for salmon to quickly bypass the barrier and be available to fishermen upstream, it means we don’t have quite as good of a handle on salmon return numbers.
That said, I think it’s reasonable to assume that the disastrous return of Chinooks this fall is in the 0.5% range. Michigan experienced salmon returns far below average, and all other states have observed the same thing. Coho return is down most places, and the Skamania return was dismal this summer as well.
Indiana stocks 200,000 chinooks, split equally between Buffington Harbor, Little Calumet, and Trail Creek. Half a percent means about 1,000 returning mature kings to spawn. I don’t think the return could be much higher than that, since there have been very few reports of kings being caught in harbors or streams, and very few even observed in the streams.
In the past years, our stream creel estimates that stream anglers catch, on average, 1.25% of the fish that were originally stocked. That doesn’t account for fish caught in the open lake, fish that enter the streams and are never caught, and so forth. I’d estimate that probably 3 to 4% of Chinooks return as mature adult spawners to Indiana tributaries – that’s about what Little Manistee Weir normally sees. So 0.5% versus 4% - that’s 1/8th of the typical return as a percentage. Bottom line: Chinook survival to adult is WAY down in the lake right now. And it’s probably way down for coho and steelhead too.
We’ll know more once results from state creel surveys, state weir operations, USFWS mass marking tag recoveries, and USGS baitfish population reports have the numbers crunched and reports finalized and shared this winter– but right now things are not looking good for baitfish or salmon.
The most disconcerting thing to me is that despite the lack of salmon, they are coming back smaller and skinnier than in the previous years. If the baitfish population remained stable, and the number of salmon declined, the remaining salmon should have more to eat and grow larger and fatter. Instead we’re seeing the opposite, which means that the baitfish population is declining faster than the salmon population. I’ve attached a graph of salmon condition in Lake Huron during the crash there, and then one showing the condition of Chinooks in Lake Michigan the last 3 years (this year’s data is preliminary). Unless we get a really warm winter and good alewife survival this year, and then a bumper crop of alewives next year… well, let’s just hope that is what happens.
Ben D. Dickinson
Assistant Lake Michigan Fisheries Biologist
100 West Water Street, Michigan City, IN 46360
219-874-6824
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